PHYSICS: Downsizing Synchrotrons

Fifty Years of Synchrotrons

The idea of a pulsed magnet ring, fundamental to the synchrotron, appeared in a proposal by Oliphant [1] in 1943 and was followed by the independent discovery of phase stability by Veksler [2] in 1944 and McMillan [3] in 1945. This opened the door to a demonstration of synchrotron acceleration to 8 MeV by Goward and Barnes [4] in a converted betatron at Woolwich Arsenal, UK. The event, which to...

Review of Beamloading and Compensation in Synchrotrons

Longitudinal focusing and acceleration are performed by RF electric fields in cavity resonators. The topic of “Beam Loading” denotes all the phenomena encompassed by “the cavity is driven by two current sources: (i) the generator and (ii) the beam”. One attempts to control the beam using the generator components; but our ability to control the generator’s effect is compromised by strong perturb...

NSLS-II: Nonlinear Model Calibration for Synchrotrons

Notice: This manuscript has been authored by employees of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02_98CHI0886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The puhlisher by accepting the manuscript for publication acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published fann ofthis manuscript...

Downsizing 1 Downsizing Effects on Survivors: Layoffs, Offshoring & Outsourcing

In a representative sample of 13,683 U.S. employees, we compared survivors of layoffs, offshoring, outsourcing, and their combinations to a group who experienced no downsizing. Survivors of layoffs perceived lower organizational performance, job security, affective attachment, calculative attachment, and had higher turnover intentions than the comparison. Offshoring survivors perceived lower pe...

Employee Morale during Downsizing